作者：高二英語組劉穎  日期/時間：2018/6/25 21:32:00  點擊：4247  我要評論   查看評論

倒裝(inversion)

 

一． 分類：

 

完全倒裝：整個謂語都放在主語之前.

 

here comes the bus.

 

部分倒裝：把助動詞，情態動詞，提到主語之前。

 

has he gone to school?

 

注：主語是代詞，有的不能使用倒裝。

 

二． 用法

 

完全倒裝。

 

1. 在 there be 句型中，be可換成 live , lie, stand 等表示狀態的詞。

 

there is a boat in the river.

 

tthere stands a temple on the top of the hill.

 

2.用在以here, there, now, then, in， out， down， up, back, over ,away, off等副詞開頭的句子中，主語是代詞時不倒裝。

 

now comes my turn.

 

here is a letter for you.

 

then followed three days of heavy rain.

 

in came the teacher, and the lesson began.

 

off went the horses.

 

up went the arrow into the air.

 

away they went.

 

3.為了強調表示地點的介詞短語，常把這個介詞短語放在句首，用完全倒裝。

 

in the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.

 

on the ground lay an old sick goat, which had gone into the cave to die.

 

4.用在強調表語的句子中，表語提前不僅僅為了強調，而且為了避免句子頭重腳輕，使句子平衡。

 

such was the story he told me.

 

gone are the days when we had nothing to eat.

 

5.在直接引語全部置于句首的句子里,引述動詞和他的主語往往要倒裝.

 

“you have made great progress this term.” said our teacher.

 

“mr.crossett,”said my father, "will you permit an old pupil to shake hands with you?”

 

“why didn’t you join us!” our monitor asked me.

 

部分倒裝

 

1．由連詞as, though, no matter how, however引導的讓步狀語從句中，通常把n/adj./verb/adv.提前.

 

child as he is, she knows a great deal.

 

youngest as he is , he studies best in our class.

 

however tired he is, he continues to work.

 

again as he tired, he failed.

 

hard as he works, he makes little progress.

 

try as he does, she will never pass it.

 

search as they would, they could find no sign.

 

much as he likes the girl, he quarrels with her sometimes.

 

young though he is, he has won the nobel prize.

 

2．有were, had, should等虛擬條件句中，常省略if, 句子半倒裝。

 

were you a fish, the cat would eat you.

 

had your father known this, he would have given you advice.

 

3．語氣，常把某些副詞性短語或表語形容詞提到句首，如 not, never, hardly, not only…but also, neither…nor, seldom, little, rarely, scarcely, nowhere, by no means，in no time, hardly/ scarcely….when, no sooner…than, not until,

 

never have i met him.

 

hardly did i think it possible.

 

not until midnight, did it stop raining.（主句倒裝）

 

not until she took off the glasses did i recognize her

 

scarcely had i got home, when it began to rain.（從句倒狀）

 

no sooner had he left home than it began to rain. （從句倒狀）

 

not only does he like, but also he learns it well.（not only 后倒裝）

 

not only i but also she likes english.(連接主語不倒裝)

 

neither has he called on her, nor will he do so.（前后都倒裝）

 

4．頻度狀語的often, always, once, many a time(多次，常常),now and then, every other day

 

often do i tell her about my life here.

 

many a time has he helped me with my experiment.

 

5． 0nly和他所修飾的狀語一起放在句首時，必須倒裝。

 

only in this way, can you learn english well.

 

置于句首修飾主語和賓語時，不倒裝。

 

only the teachers are allowed to use the room.

 

only him we could find in the room just now.

 

6． 疑問句中

 

what did the two cheats pretend to be doing?

 

what do you think the two cheats pretended to be doing?(注意)

 

what makes you so angry? (注意)

 

7．重復句型。

 

在前后兩個并列的句子中，后句以so, nor, neither開始重復前句內容時，主語是不同的人或物，譯為……也是時，用倒裝。

 

he has finished his work, so have i.

 

you can’t do it, nor can i.

 

如果主語是同一人或物，譯為…..確實如此時，不用倒裝。

 

it is fine today, so it is.

 

當前面是復雜情況，如，兩個不同形式的主語，兩個或兩個以上的句子，或既有肯定又有否定時，用so it is/was with sb./it is /was the same with sb/the same goes for sb句型。

 

her mother is a doctor and works in the people’s hospital. so it is with mine.

 

8．在以may開頭的一些祝福語中

 

may you have a good journey!

 

may you succeed!

 

9．程度狀語的so/such…that放在句首。前一部分倒裝

 

so loudly did he speak that all of us could hear him clearly.

 

so angry was he that he couldn’t speak.

 

such a noise was there that i couldn’t work.