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                                          ◆ 教研頻道 ◆
                                           最新 5 條
                                          高二英語語法:倒裝
                                          高二英語語法:強調句
                                          情態動詞講義
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                                          高一英語組教案
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                                          當前位置:首頁 >> 教研頻道 >> 英語組
                                          高二英語語法:強調句
                                          作者:高二英語組劉穎  日期/時間:2018/6/25 21:24:00  點擊:4351  我要評論

                                                
                                          一、強調句英語中有時為了需要,經常要強調句子中的某一成分,要用到一些強調句型。
                                          強調句型的基本結構是:
                                          it is/was + 被強調部分(主語、賓語、賓語補足語或狀語等) + that/who(當強調主語且主語指人)+句子的其余部分
                                          ①連接詞
                                          一般說來,如果被強調部分是人時,用連詞that或who;被強調的部分是賓語,指人時也可以用whom;如果被強調部分是物,只能用連詞that。
                                          it was john and mike who/that saw mary in the street last night.
                                          約翰和邁克昨晚在路上看到了瑪麗。
                                          it is mary whom/ who he often helps .
                                          他經常幫助瑪麗。
                                          it was in the street that i met him yesterday.
                                          我昨天在路上碰到了他。
                                          ②不同的強調成分
                                          正是瑪麗昨天在路上遇到一個乞丐。
                                          it was mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday.
                                          (強調主語)
                                          瑪麗昨天在路上遇到一個乞丐。
                                          it was an old beggar whom/that mary met in the street yesterday.
                                          (強調賓語)
                                          正是昨天瑪麗在路上遇到一個乞丐。
                                          it was yesterday that mary met an old beggar in the street.
                                          (強調時間狀語)
                                          昨天正是在路上瑪麗遇到一個乞丐。
                                          it was in the street that mary met an old beggar yesterday.
                                          (強調地點狀語)
                                          注意: 有時,be前可使用表示推測的情態動詞。如:it must be peter who has let this secret out.一定是彼得將這個秘密泄露出去的。it might be last night that they did their homework.他們也許是昨晚做完作業的。
                                          ③時態
                                          如果原句中謂語動詞使用的是現在范疇的時態(一般現在時、現在進行時、現在完成/現在完成進行時、一般將來時、將來進行時、將來完成時等),用it is...that...如果原句中謂語動詞為過去范疇的時態(一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時等),則用it was...that...
                                          its mary who/that meets an old beggar in the street.
                                          正是瑪麗經常在路上見到乞丐。
                                          its mary who/that is doing the housework.
                                          正是瑪麗正在做家務。
                                          its mary who/that has done such terrible things.
                                          正是瑪麗做了這件可怕的事情。
                                          its mary who/that will have finished this task by the next week.
                                          正是瑪麗下個禮拜將會完成這個任務。
                                          its mary who/that will be going to america.
                                          正是瑪麗將要去美國。
                                          its mary who/that will go to see the doctor tomorrow.
                                          正是瑪麗明天要去看病。
                                          ④總結
                                          構成強調句的it本身沒有詞義;
                                          強調句中的連接詞一般只用that, who,即使在強調時間狀語和地點狀語時也如此,that, who不可省略;
                                          強調句中的時態只用兩種,一般現在時和一般過去時。
                                          原句謂語動詞是一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進行時,用it was …… ,其余的時態用it is …… .
                                          二、區分強調句與其他類型從句(主、定、狀)
                                          ① 強調句與主語從句的區別
                                          “it is / was + 形容詞 / 分詞 /+ that從句”
                                          是主語從句,
                                          它譯成中文時不可加上
                                          “正是……”“就是……”之類字眼,若刪去“it is / was...that...”,則原句不成立。
                                          而強調句型若刪去“it is / was...that / who...”,
                                          原句結構與語意均完整,
                                          譯成中文時,?杉由稀罢恰薄熬褪恰敝愖盅。it 為形式主語,等于that后跟部分。
                                          it is true that he is honest. (主語從句)
                                          他真的很誠實。
                                          it is known to all that china is a country with a long history. (主語從句)
                                          眾所周知,中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。it was here that he fell off his bicycle.(強調句)
                                          這正是他從自行車上摔下來的地方。
                                          幾種易混句式與強調句②含有定語從句的強調句型 (在被強調的名詞后再設計一個以該名詞為先行詞的定語從句,這時不要把定語從句當作強調句)。
                                          it was this school where (in which) he once studied that gave him a chance of teaching.正是這所他曾經學習過的學校給了他教學的機會。
                                          ③強調句型與狀語從句的區別
                                          it was at 7:00 that i arrived.(強調句型,強調時間狀語at 7:00)
                                          正是在7:00時, 我到了。
                                          it was 7:00 when i arrived.(時間狀語從句,在7:00前無介詞at)
                                          當我到達時, 時間是7:00。
                                          it was two years ago that i began to learn drawing.(強調句型,前后時態一致)
                                          正是在兩年前我開始學習繪畫。
                                          it is(has been) two years since i began to learn drawing.(since引導的時間狀語從句,前后時態不一致)
                                          自從我學習繪畫以來已經有兩年了。
                                          it was two years before they came to see us.(時間狀語從句)
                                          過了兩年后他們才來看我們。
                                          it was two years later that they came to see us.(強調句型)
                                          正是兩年后他們才來看我們的。
                                          it won’t be long before we graduate from the school. (時間狀語從句)
                                          不久我就將畢業了。
                                          it will be two years before we graduate from this university. (時間狀語從句)再過兩年我們就將大學畢業了。
                                          三、強調三關:疑問句,主謂一致,感嘆句
                                          ①強調含有not until的句子在強調not until句型時,not 位于until從句前,主句謂語動詞作相應變化,即it is(was)+not until從句+that +其它。
                                          e.g. 普通句:he didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
                                          強調句:it was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
                                          直到妻子回家了,他才上床休息。
                                          it was not until he had finished the work that he went home.
                                          直到完成了作業,他才回家。
                                          it was not until 12 o’clock last night that my brother came home.
                                          直到晚上12點我哥哥才回家。
                                          注意:此句型只用until,不用till.但如果不是強調句型,till, until可通用;
                                          因為句型中it is/ was not …… 已經是否定句了,that后面的從句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。
                                          ②強調句的疑問句強調結構的疑問形式:強調一般疑問句中的某一成分時,要在主句中用一般疑問句的順序。例如:
                                          was it you that/who broke the window ?
                                          是你吧窗戶打碎了嗎?
                                          was it in the war that he lost his son ?
                                          是在那場戰爭中他失去了兒子嗎?
                                          強調特殊疑問句中的疑問詞,其結構模式是:“疑問詞+ is/was + it +that...”。它同感嘆句的強調模式極其相似,首先將疑問句開頭的部分作為強調部分,套入強調結構,然后再將其變為疑問句。例如:
                                          1. where were you born?→where was it that you were born?你在哪兒出生?
                                          2. what did you want to see? →what was it that you wanted to see? 你想看什么?
                                          3. how many people are being trained for the important work? →
                                          how many people is it that are being trained for the important work ?
                                          有多少人為這份重要工作而參加培訓?
                                          ③強調句型中的主謂一致
                                          被強調的成分為原句的主語時,that/who之后的謂語動詞應與被強調的名詞或代詞在人稱和數方面保持一致關系,從而選用恰當的動詞形式。例如:
                                          it is you who/that are wrong.
                                          就是你錯了。
                                          it is i who/that am answering the question.
                                          正是我回答了這個問題。
                                          注意1:但是如果被強調的部分是人稱代詞,按理應用人稱代詞主格形式,但在口語或非正式文體中也可以用其賓格形式,此時that/who的謂語動詞要用單數第三人稱形式is或was。例如:it is me/i who is being asked the favor.
                                          注意2::在it is/was..., not...that...句型中,
                                          其謂語動詞應與肯定部分的詞保持一致關系。
                                          例如:
                                          it is my brother, not i that studies in that school.
                                          是我的哥哥,而不是我,在那所學校上學。
                                          it is you, not your sister that are in charge of the company.
                                          正是你,而不是你的妹妹,管理那家公司。
                                          注意:此句型只用until,不用till.但如果不是強調句型,till, until可通用;因為句型中it is/ was not …… 已經是否定句了,that后面的從句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。
                                          ④感嘆句的強調結構
                                          既要體現強調句型的形式特征,又要體現感嘆句的自然語序
                                          例如:
                                          how happy he looks! → how happy it is that he looks!
                                          他看起來多么開心!
                                          what a clever boy he is! → what a clever boy it is that he is!
                                          他是個多么聰明的孩子!
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